Products – MMCZ

Product	Description	Uses	Mine Location
METALS DIVISION
NICKEL	Nickel is a generally abundant natural element. Pure nickel is a hard, silvery-white metal. Nickel can be combined with other metals, such as iron, copper, chromium, and zinc, to form alloys. Nickel is emitted from volcanoes. In Zimbabwe, it is marketed and sold as Nickel concentrate with the following payable elements: Nickel, Copper, Cobalt, Palladium-With varying percentages depending on the grade of the ore.	Most nickel is used to make stainless steel. Nickel compounds are used for nickel-plating, to colour ceramics, to make some batteries, and as substances known as catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions	Bindura, Shangani, Beitbridge
Ferrochrome	Ferrochrome, or ferrochromium (FeCr) is a dark gray to light gray ferroalloy. It is an alloy of chromium and iron, generally containing 50 to 70% chromium by weight.	High carbon ferrochrome is commonly used in the production of stainless steel and high chromium steels. Other uses include production of constructional alloy steels, tool steels, super alloys and other specialty metals.	Gweru, Kwekwe, Kadoma, Selous, Zvishavane
Ferro Silicon Chrome	Ferro Chromium Silicon is produced by carbothermic reduction in submerged arc furnaces of chromite ore to which silica or quartzite has been added during processing, as well as limestone in order to reduce activity of Silicon in the slag. It can also be obtained by using High Carbon Ferro Chrome and quartz as raw materials. The Chromium content of this Ferro Alloy can typically range between 34% and 42%, and its Silicon content between 38% and 45%.	Ferro Chromium Silicon is used as a raw material in the manufacturing of Low Carbon Ferro Chrome and, to a lesser extent, in the production of steels in which the simultaneous addition of chromium and silicon is required.	Gweru
Steel	Steel is generally hard, strong, durable, malleable alloy of iron and carbon. It can have other constituents such as manganese, chromium, nickel, copper and silicon, depending on the desired alloy properties.	Steel is commonly used structurally in buildings and bridges, axles, gears, shafts, rails, pipelines and couplings, cars, household tools such as refrigerators, washing machines, cutlery	Redcliff
Chrome Ore	Chromite is a mineral that is an iron chromium oxide. Chromite is iron-black in colour with a metallic lustre and dark brown streak	Production of ferrochrome	Spread across the Great Dyke
PGMs	PGMs mined in Zimbabwe consists of platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium found along the Great Dyke from layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions extending over 550km at an average width of 11km, estimated to hold 2,8billion Mt of PGMs ore at 4g/t pt. Other mineral elements in the material contain gold, silver and base metals like nickel, copper and cobalt.	Platinum group metals (PGMs) mainly consist of six elements–platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and osmium. The application for these elements is mainly hinged on their unique properties, such as oxidation resistance and inertness with excellent corrosion, biocompatibility, high melting temperature, good conductivity and electronic and catalytic properties. Mainly applied in; Auto catalysts Three-way catalyst (TWC) compositions employ platinum, palladium, and/or rhodium in various combinations for the abatement of emissions from petrol/rich-burn engines. Jewellery Platinum and palladium jewellery Catalysts PGMs are used extensively in the chemicals sector as catalysts. The largest application for platinum catalysts is in the production of silicones, followed by paraxylene production. Silicones are used by the automotive and construction industries, while paraxylene is a precursor for purified terephthalicacid used in the production of plastic polyethylene terephthalate and polyester fibre. Palladium acts as catalyst in purified terephthalic-acid production while Palladium-gold catalysts are used in the production of vinyl acetate monomer, Electrical, electronics Hard disks for personal and business computers, video recorders and MP3 music players are important consumers of platinum. A potential remarkable use for platinum in the future is in fuel-cell technology. Fuel cells generate electricity by means of an electrochemical reaction whereby hydrogen ions and oxygen combine to form water. Glass Platinum, with its excellent resistance to corrosion and wear at high temperatures, is the material of choice in glass production, in which some 355 000 ouces are consumed a year. Major applications are in the production of liquid crystal displays for flat-screen computer monitors and televisions, especially in Asia and Japan, as well as in the production of glass fibre in the US. The glass industry also consumes approximately 55 000 oz. /y of rhodium. Medical Platinum drugs for the use in the treatment of cancer have saved many lives during the past three decades. Platinum is radio-opaque and thus visible under X-rays. This property makes it an ideal choice in the treatment of blocked arteries and in devices such as pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias (irregularities in the beating of the heart). Platinum alloys containing high or low gold additions are used in dental bridges and crowns. Platinum imparts increased strength to high-gold alloy, which typically contain 75% to 99% gold, 1% to 20%platinum and small amounts of palladium, silver and base metals. Up to 80% of palladium is consumed in low-gold alloys. Automotive Outside of autocatalysis, other automotive-sector applications are in spark plugs and oxygen sensors Turbine blades Platinum aluminide coatings are applied to aero-engine turbine blades to provide oxidation resistance at temperatures of more than 1 500	Mimosa- Zvishavane, Unki - Shurugwi Zimplats – Ngezi & Selous CAMEC(Todal Mining- Shurugwi, Karo Resources – Mhondoro-Ngezi Global Platinum Resources – Darwendale.

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